Baker's Cyst: Understanding Your Knee Condition

What Is a Baker's Cyst?

A Baker's cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops behind the knee. It occurs when synovial fluid builds up in the popliteal space, forming a visible bulge.

Common Symptoms

• Swelling behind the knee
• Stiffness in the affected knee
• Pain, particularly when fully extending or flexing the knee
• A feeling of tightness behind the knee
• Discomfort during physical activities

Causes and Risk Factors

Primary Causes:

• Knee osteoarthritis
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Meniscal tears
• Cartilage damage

Risk Factors:

• Age (more common in older adults)
• Previous knee injuries
• Inflammatory conditions

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Transillumination test
• Ultrasound imaging
• MRI (in some cases)

Treatment Options

Conservative Treatment:

• Rest and activity modification
• Ice therapy
• Compression bandages
• Over-the-counter pain medications

Medical Interventions:

• Corticosteroid injection
• Fluid aspiration
• Physical therapy

Complications

While usually harmless, complications may include:

• Cyst rupture
• Compressed blood vessels or nerves
• Persistent pain and swelling

Prevention

• Maintain healthy weight
• Regular exercise
• Proper knee protection during activities
• Early treatment of underlying knee conditions

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Severe pain
• Rapid swelling
• Inability to flex the knee
• Redness or warmth in the affected area

Prognosis

Many Baker's cysts resolve on their own with conservative treatment. However, addressing underlying knee conditions is crucial for preventing recurrence.