Understanding Burns
Burns are tissue injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, sunlight, or radiation. Scalds specifically refer to burns caused by hot liquids or steam.
Classification of Burns
First-Degree Burns
- Affects only the outer layer of skin (epidermis)
- Causes redness and mild pain
- Heals within 3-7 days
- Example: Mild sunburn
Second-Degree Burns
- Affects epidermis and part of the dermis
- Causes blisters, severe pain, and redness
- Takes 2-3 weeks to heal
- May leave scarring
Third-Degree Burns
- Destroys all layers of skin and underlying tissue
- Appears white or charred
- May be painless due to nerve damage
- Requires immediate medical attention
Immediate First Aid
-
Stop the Burning Process
- Remove from heat source
- Remove affected clothing unless stuck to skin
- Cool the burn immediately
-
Cool the Burn
- Run cool (not cold) water for 20 minutes
- Don't use ice or very cold water
- Don't apply creams immediately
-
Protect the Burn
- Cover with clean, non-stick dressing
- Avoid breaking blisters
- Keep patient warm
When to Seek Medical Help
Immediate Emergency Care Required:
- Burns larger than your palm
- Deep burns
- Burns on face, hands, feet, or genitals
- Chemical or electrical burns
- Burns that encircle a limb
Long-Term Care
Wound Care
- Keep area clean
- Change dressings as directed
- Monitor for signs of infection
- Follow prescribed pain management
Prevention Tips
- Install smoke alarms
- Keep hot liquids away from edges
- Check water temperature before bathing
- Use rear stove burners when possible
- Keep children away from hot surfaces
Complications to Watch For
- Infection
- Dehydration
- Scarring
- Limited mobility
- Emotional trauma
Recovery
Recovery time varies based on burn severity. Follow medical advice, attend follow-up appointments, and consider physical therapy if recommended.