What is CMT?
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is an inherited neurological disorder that affects the peripheral nerves, which carry signals between your brain and spinal cord to your muscles and sensory organs.
Key Characteristics
- Progressive muscle weakness
- Decreased muscle mass (atrophy)
- Reduced sensation in feet, legs, hands, and arms
- High-arched feet (pes cavus)
- Foot deformities
Types of CMT
Type 1 (CMT1)
- Most common form
- Slow nerve conduction
- Symptoms typically begin in childhood
Type 2 (CMT2)
- Normal or near-normal nerve conduction
- Later onset of symptoms
Other Types
- X-linked
- Type 3 (Dejerine-Sottas disease)
- Type 4
Common Symptoms
Early Signs
- Frequent tripping or falling
- Awkward gait
- Foot drop
Progressive Symptoms
- Muscle wasting in legs and feet
- Decreased ability to feel heat, cold, and touch
- Hand weakness and decreased fine motor skills
- Balance problems
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Family history review
- Nerve conduction studies
- Genetic testing
- EMG (electromyography)
Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
- Muscle strengthening exercises
- Stretching routines
- Balance training
Occupational Therapy
- Adaptive techniques for daily activities
- Equipment recommendations
Orthopedic Devices
- Ankle braces
- Custom footwear
- Walking aids
Living with CMT
Self-Care Strategies
- Regular exercise within capabilities
- Proper foot care
- Weight management
- Safety precautions
When to Contact Healthcare Provider
- Increased weakness
- New balance problems
- Unexpected pain
- Changes in sensation
Research and Future Prospects
- Ongoing genetic research
- Clinical trials
- Emerging therapies