Coughing Up Blood (Hemoptysis)

What is Hemoptysis?

Hemoptysis is the medical term for coughing up blood or blood-streaked mucus from the respiratory tract. This can range from small flecks of blood in phlegm to larger amounts of bleeding.

Common Causes

• Bronchitis or bronchiectasis
• Pneumonia or other infections
• Tuberculosis
• Cancer of the lung or airway
• Blood clots in the lungs (pulmonary embolism)
• Trauma to the airways

Warning Signs

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Large amounts of blood (more than a few teaspoons)
• Difficulty breathing
• Chest pain
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fever above 101°F (38.3°C)

Diagnosis

Your healthcare provider may perform:

1. Physical examination
2. Chest X-ray
3. CT scan
4. Bronchoscopy
5. Blood tests

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may include:

• Antibiotics for infections
• Blood pressure control
• Cough suppressants when appropriate
• Treatment of underlying conditions
• Surgery in severe cases

Prevention

• Stop smoking if you currently smoke
• Avoid respiratory irritants
• Treat respiratory infections promptly
• Manage chronic conditions effectively

When to Call Your Doctor

Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Notice any amount of blood in your sputum
• Have recurring episodes of hemoptysis
• Experience worsening symptoms
• Have unexplained weight loss

Important Notes

• Never ignore blood in your sputum
• Keep track of the amount and frequency
• Bring a sample if possible when seeing your doctor
• Be prepared to discuss your medical history