What is Hib?
Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) is a bacterial infection that can cause serious illnesses, particularly in young children under 5 years of age. Despite its name, it's not related to the influenza virus.
Key Facts
- Most common in children under 5 years old
- Preventable through vaccination
- Can cause several severe infections
- Requires prompt medical treatment
Common Infections Caused by Hib
- Meningitis (inflammation of brain and spinal cord membranes)
- Pneumonia
- Epiglottitis (swelling of the throat)
- Septicemia (blood infection)
- Cellulitis (skin infection)
- Septic arthritis (joint infection)
Symptoms
Symptoms vary depending on the type of infection but may include:
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Stiff neck
- Difficulty breathing
- Lethargy or confusion
- Poor feeding in infants
- Vomiting
Prevention
Vaccination
- Recommended for all children under 5
- Usually given in 3-4 doses
- Part of routine childhood immunization schedule
- Highly effective in preventing Hib disease
Treatment
Medical Intervention
- Antibiotics (usually given intravenously)
- Supportive care in hospital
- Close monitoring of symptoms
- Sometimes requires intensive care
Risk Factors
- Age under 5 years
- Unvaccinated status
- Weakened immune system
- Certain medical conditions
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if your child shows:
- High fever with lethargy
- Difficulty breathing
- Severe headache with stiff neck
- Unusual irritability
- Refusal to eat or drink
Long-term Outlook
- Most patients recover fully with prompt treatment
- Some may experience lasting effects, particularly from meningitis
- Prevention through vaccination is highly successful