Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD)

What is HFMD?

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection that primarily affects young children. It's caused by enteroviruses, most commonly the Coxsackievirus A16 and Enterovirus 71.

Common Symptoms

• Fever (usually first symptom)
• Sore throat
• Painful red blisters in the mouth
• Red rash or blisters on:
  • Palms of hands
  • Soles of feet
  • Buttocks
  • Sometimes knees, elbows, and genital area

Transmission

HFMD spreads through:

• Close personal contact
• Respiratory droplets
• Contact with contaminated surfaces
• Exposure to infected bodily fluids

Duration and Course

Typically, HFMD:

• Incubation period: 3-6 days
• Symptoms last: 7-10 days
• Most contagious: First week of illness

Treatment Options

HFMD is usually mild and resolves on its own. Management includes:

Pain Relief

• Over-the-counter pain medications
• Cold foods and drinks
• Mouth-numbing sprays or gels

Comfort Measures

• Rest
• Adequate hydration
• Soft diet when mouth sores are present

Prevention

1. Regular hand washing
2. Disinfecting common surfaces
3. Avoiding close contact with infected individuals
4. Keeping children home from school/daycare when infected

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult a healthcare provider if:

• Fever persists beyond 3 days
• Signs of dehydration appear
• Severe symptoms develop
• Symptoms worsen after 7-10 days

Special Considerations

• Adults can get HFMD but it's less common
• Pregnant women should avoid contact with infected individuals
• The infection typically provides immunity to the specific virus strain

Recovery

Most patients recover completely without complications. Rest and supportive care are key to recovery.