Overview
Heat-related illnesses occur along a spectrum, with heat exhaustion being a serious condition that can progress to potentially life-threatening heatstroke if not promptly addressed.
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms
- Heavy sweating
- Cool, pale, and clammy skin
- Fast, shallow breathing
- Muscle cramps
- Fatigue or weakness
- Dizziness or headache
- Nausea or vomiting
- Weak, rapid pulse
Immediate Actions
- Move to a cool place
- Loosen clothing
- Apply cool, wet cloths
- Sip water slowly
- Seek medical attention if symptoms worsen
Heatstroke
Warning Signs (Medical Emergency)
- Body temperature above 103°F (39.4°C)
- Hot, red, dry skin
- Severe headache
- Confusion or altered mental state
- Loss of consciousness
- Rapid, strong pulse
Emergency Response
- Call emergency services immediately (911)
- Move person to cooler environment
- Reduce body temperature using any available means:
- Cold water immersion
- Cool, wet sheets
- Ice packs on neck, groin, and armpits
Prevention Strategies
General Precautions
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid peak heat hours (10 AM - 4 PM)
- Wear loose, light-colored clothing
- Use sunscreen
- Never leave children or pets in parked cars
High-Risk Groups
- Elderly individuals
- Young children
- Those with chronic conditions
- Athletes
- Outdoor workers
When to Seek Medical Help
- Symptoms persist over 1 hour
- Vomiting continues
- Confusion develops
- Loss of consciousness
- Core temperature rises above 103°F
Long-term Complications
Untreated heatstroke can lead to:
- Organ damage
- Brain damage
- Death
Seek immediate medical attention if symptoms are severe or worsen.