Nuclear Stress Test Protocol: A Comprehensive Procedural Guide

Step-by-Step Implementation for Cardiac Imaging Centers

Cardiology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

Overview

A nuclear stress test combines radioactive tracer imaging with exercise or pharmacological stress to evaluate myocardial perfusion and cardiac function.

Pre-Test Requirements

Patient Preparation

  • NPO for 4-6 hours before test
  • Hold beta-blockers for 24-48 hours (per physician discretion)
  • Hold caffeine for 24 hours
  • Comfortable clothing and walking shoes
  • Current medication list

Equipment Verification

  • Gamma camera operational check
  • Radiopharmaceutical dose preparation
  • Treadmill/pharmacological stress agents ready
  • Emergency cart checked

Procedure Steps

1. Rest Phase

  1. Obtain baseline vitals and 12-lead ECG
  2. Establish IV access
  3. Administer rest dose of radiotracer (typically Tc-99m sestamibi)
  4. Wait 30-60 minutes for uptake
  5. Acquire rest images

2. Stress Phase

Exercise Protocol

  1. Begin Bruce or Modified Bruce protocol
  2. Monitor ECG, BP every 2-3 minutes
  3. Inject stress dose at peak exercise
  4. Continue exercise for 1-2 minutes post-injection

Pharmacologic Protocol

  1. Administer vasodilator (adenosine, regadenoson, or dipyridamole)
  2. Monitor vital signs
  3. Inject stress dose at peak effect
  4. Continue monitoring for 3-5 minutes

3. Image Acquisition

  1. Wait 15-30 minutes post-stress
  2. Position patient under camera
  3. Acquire SPECT images
  4. Process and reconstruct images

Documentation Requirements

  • Vital signs throughout procedure
  • ECG strips and any changes
  • Medications administered
  • Exercise duration/workload
  • Symptoms during test
  • Technical factors

Safety Considerations

  • Emergency response protocol
  • Radiation safety measures
  • Contraindications review
  • Pregnancy screening

Quality Control

  • Image quality assessment
  • Motion correction if needed
  • Attenuation correction when applicable

Reporting

  1. Raw data analysis
  2. Perfusion assessment
  3. Wall motion evaluation
  4. Ejection fraction calculation
  5. Final interpretation

References

ACCF/ASNC/ACR/AHA/ASE/SCCT/SCMR/SNM 2009 Appropriate Use Criteria

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