Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT): Standardized Protocol

Clinical Procedure Guide for Healthcare Providers

Endocrinology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

Overview

The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) is a standardized diagnostic procedure used to evaluate glucose metabolism and diagnose diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes, and other disorders of glucose homeostasis.

Required Materials

  • 75g anhydrous glucose dissolved in 300mL water
  • Venipuncture equipment
  • Timer
  • Blood collection tubes
  • Patient identification labels
  • Laboratory requisition forms

Patient Preparation

Pre-test Instructions

  1. Fast for 8-14 hours prior to test
  2. Maintain usual physical activity
  3. Continue normal diet (≥150g carbohydrates/day) for 3 days before test
  4. Avoid medications that affect glucose metabolism when possible

Contraindications

  • Acute illness
  • Recent surgery
  • Active infection
  • Severe morning sickness (in pregnancy)

Procedure Steps

1. Initial Assessment (0 minutes)

  • Verify patient identity and fasting status
  • Record baseline vital signs
  • Collect fasting blood sample

2. Glucose Administration

  • Administer 75g glucose solution
  • Patient must consume within 5 minutes
  • Record exact time of completion

3. Monitoring Period

  • Patient remains seated
  • No smoking, eating, or drinking
  • Minimal physical activity

4. Blood Collection

  • Draw blood at specified intervals:
    • Fasting (0 min)
    • 1 hour (60 min)
    • 2 hours (120 min)

Result Interpretation

Standard 2-hour OGTT Criteria

Non-pregnant adults:

  • Normal: <140 mg/dL
  • Impaired: 140-199 mg/dL
  • Diabetes: ≥200 mg/dL

Pregnancy (GDM):

  • Fasting: ≤95 mg/dL
  • 1 hour: ≤180 mg/dL
  • 2 hour: ≤155 mg/dL

Documentation Requirements

  • Test start/end times
  • Glucose load administration time
  • Blood draw times
  • Patient tolerance
  • Any protocol deviations

Quality Control

  • Verify glucose solution preparation
  • Confirm proper specimen handling
  • Document temperature conditions
  • Maintain chain of custody

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