What is PID?
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease is an infection of the female reproductive organs, typically occurring when bacteria move from the vagina or cervix into the upper reproductive tract.
Common Causes
- Sexually transmitted infections (particularly chlamydia and gonorrhea)
- Bacterial vaginosis
- Procedures that involve entering the uterus
- Post-pregnancy or post-abortion infections
Risk Factors
- Multiple sexual partners
- Previous history of STIs
- Young age (15-25 years)
- Recent IUD insertion
- Douching
Symptoms
Common Signs:
- Lower abdominal pain
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Painful intercourse
- Irregular menstrual bleeding
- Fever and chills
- Pain during urination
Severe Symptoms:
- Severe pelvic pain
- High fever (>101°F/38.3°C)
- Nausea and vomiting
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Pelvic examination
- Laboratory tests
- Imaging studies (ultrasound or CT scan)
Treatment Options
Antibiotics
- Usually requires multiple antibiotics
- Complete full course as prescribed
- Partners should also be treated
Additional Measures
- Rest and pain management
- Follow-up examinations
- Abstain from sexual activity during treatment
Potential Complications
- Chronic pelvic pain
- Infertility
- Ectopic pregnancy risk
- Formation of scar tissue
Prevention
- Practice safe sex
- Regular STI screening
- Prompt treatment of infections
- Avoid douching
When to Seek Medical Care
- Unexplained pelvic pain
- Unusual vaginal discharge
- Fever with pelvic symptoms
- Missed periods
Long-term Management
- Regular check-ups
- Preventive healthcare
- Sexual health monitoring
- Partner notification and treatment