What is Rheumatic Fever?
Rheumatic fever is a serious inflammatory condition that can develop after an infection with Streptococcus bacteria (strep throat). It can affect multiple organs, particularly the heart, joints, skin, and brain.
Key Facts
- Most common in children aged 5-15 years
- Rare in developed countries but still prevalent in developing nations
- Can lead to permanent heart damage if untreated
- Preventable with proper treatment of strep infections
Causes and Risk Factors
Primary Cause
- Untreated or inadequately treated Group A Streptococcal infection
Risk Factors
- Young age (5-15 years)
- Living in crowded conditions
- Limited access to medical care
- Family history
- Poverty and poor sanitation
Symptoms
Major Symptoms
- Carditis (heart inflammation)
- Migratory arthritis (joint pain that moves)
- Sydenham's chorea (involuntary movements)
- Erythema marginatum (skin rash)
- Subcutaneous nodules
Minor Symptoms
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Elevated inflammatory markers in blood tests
- Abnormal ECG readings
Diagnosis
- Based on Jones Criteria (combination of symptoms)
- Blood tests for inflammation markers
- Throat culture
- ECG and echocardiogram
Treatment
Immediate Treatment
- Antibiotics to eliminate strep bacteria
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Bed rest during active inflammation
Long-term Management
- Prophylactic antibiotics
- Regular heart monitoring
- Follow-up care
Prevention
- Prompt treatment of strep throat
- Complete full course of prescribed antibiotics
- Regular medical check-ups
- Good hygiene practices
Long-term Outlook
- Most patients recover fully with proper treatment
- Some may develop chronic heart problems
- Regular monitoring essential for heart health
- May require lifelong antibiotic prevention
When to Seek Medical Care
- Sore throat with fever
- Joint pain and swelling
- Unusual movements or tremors
- Chest pain or shortness of breath
Support and Resources
- Regular medical follow-up
- Patient support groups
- Educational resources
- Family counseling when needed