Understanding Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA)

What Is an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm?

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a bulging, weakened area in the wall of the aorta – the main blood vessel that carries blood from your heart to the rest of your body. When this occurs in the part of the aorta that passes through your abdomen, it's called an abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Risk Factors

• Age (over 65)
• Male gender
• Smoking history
• High blood pressure
• Family history
• Atherosclerosis
• Previous vascular diseases

Symptoms

Most AAAs develop slowly and without symptoms. However, some people may experience:

• Deep, constant abdominal pain
• Back pain
• A pulsating feeling near the navel

Warning: If an AAA ruptures, it causes:

• Sudden, severe abdominal pain
• Rapid pulse
• Dizziness or fainting
• Low blood pressure

Diagnosis

AAAs are often discovered during routine examinations or tests for other conditions. Diagnostic tools include:

• Ultrasound
• CT scan
• MRI
• Abdominal X-ray

Treatment Options

Watchful Waiting

• For small aneurysms (<5.5 cm)
• Regular monitoring
• Risk factor modification

Surgical Repair

1. Open Surgery

   • Traditional approach
   • Involves large incision
   • Longer recovery time

2. Endovascular Repair (EVAR)

   • Minimally invasive
   • Shorter recovery time
   • Regular follow-up required

Prevention

• Quit smoking
• Control blood pressure
• Maintain healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Regular medical check-ups

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe abdominal or back pain
• Rapid heart rate
• Clammy skin
• Nausea and vomiting
• Loss of consciousness