Understanding Achalasia

What is Achalasia?

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus (food pipe) that makes it difficult for food and liquid to pass into your stomach. The condition occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax during swallowing, and the esophagus loses its ability to squeeze food down properly.

Key Symptoms

• Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
• Regurgitation of undigested food
• Chest pain after eating
• Heartburn
• Unintended weight loss
• Coughing during the night

Diagnosis

Your doctor may use several tests to diagnose achalasia:

1. Barium Swallow: X-ray imaging while swallowing a contrast material
2. Endoscopy: Direct visualization of the esophagus
3. Manometry: Measuring pressure in the esophagus
4. CT Scan: Detailed imaging to rule out other conditions

Treatment Options

Non-surgical Treatments

• Medications: Calcium channel blockers or nitrates
• Botox Injections: Temporary relief by relaxing the LES

Surgical Interventions

• Pneumatic Dilation: Stretching the LES with an inflatable balloon
• POEM (Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy): Minimally invasive endoscopic surgery
• Heller Myotomy: Surgical procedure to cut the muscle fibers of the LES

Living with Achalasia

Dietary Modifications

• Eat slowly and chew thoroughly
• Drink plenty of water with meals
• Avoid eating close to bedtime
• Stay upright after meals

Long-term Outlook

While achalasia cannot be cured, proper treatment can significantly improve symptoms and quality of life. Regular follow-up with your healthcare provider is essential.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Contact your doctor if you experience:

• Severe difficulty swallowing
• Significant weight loss
• Chest pain
• Frequent regurgitation

Support and Resources

• Join support groups
• Maintain regular medical check-ups
• Keep a symptom diary
• Work closely with your healthcare team