What is Addison's Disease?
Addison's disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, is a rare endocrine disorder where the adrenal glands don't produce enough of certain hormones, particularly cortisol and aldosterone.
Key Symptoms
- Extreme fatigue
- Weight loss
- Darkening of skin (hyperpigmentation)
- Low blood pressure
- Salt cravings
- Low blood sugar
- Nausea and vomiting
- Muscle and joint pain
Causes
The most common causes include:
- Autoimmune disorders (>70% of cases)
- Tuberculosis
- Other infections
- Cancer
- Genetic factors
Diagnosis
Initial Assessment
- Blood tests to measure hormone levels
- ACTH stimulation test
- Antibody testing
- Imaging of adrenal glands
Treatment Options
Hormone Replacement Therapy
- Oral hydrocortisone (replacing cortisol)
- Fludrocortisone (replacing aldosterone)
- Regular monitoring and dose adjustments
Emergency Measures
- Carrying medical ID
- Emergency injection kit
- Stress dose instructions
Living with Addison's Disease
Daily Management
- Regular medication schedule
- Stress management
- Dietary considerations
- Regular medical check-ups
Warning Signs
- Monitor for signs of crisis
- Know when to seek emergency care
- Understand medication adjustments
Complications
- Adrenal crisis (medical emergency)
- Infection susceptibility
- Psychological impacts
Prevention Strategies
- Never skip medications
- Regular medical follow-up
- Stress dose planning
- Proper diet and exercise