What is AMD?
Age-related macular degeneration is a progressive eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It's a leading cause of vision loss in people over 50.
Types of AMD
Dry AMD (Non-neovascular)
- Most common form (85-90% of cases)
- Characterized by drusen (yellow deposits) under the retina
- Gradual vision loss
- Three stages: early, intermediate, and advanced
Wet AMD (Neovascular)
- Less common but more severe
- Abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina
- Can cause rapid vision loss
- Requires immediate treatment
Risk Factors
- Age (primary risk factor)
- Family history
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- Obesity
- Light-colored eyes
- Poor diet
Common Symptoms
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Difficulty reading
- Problems recognizing faces
- Need for brighter light
- Reduced color intensity
- Dark or empty areas in central vision
Diagnosis
- Comprehensive eye exam
- Visual acuity test
- Dilated eye examination
- Amsler grid test
- OCT scanning
- Fluorescein angiography (if needed)
Treatment Options
Dry AMD
- AREDS2 vitamin supplements
- Lifestyle modifications
- Regular monitoring
Wet AMD
- Anti-VEGF injections
- Photodynamic therapy
- Laser treatment (in select cases)
Prevention Strategies
- Regular eye examinations
- Quit smoking
- Maintain healthy blood pressure
- Eat a balanced diet rich in:
- Green leafy vegetables
- Fish
- Antioxidants
- Exercise regularly
- Protect eyes from UV light
Living with AMD
- Use magnifying devices
- Improve home lighting
- Learn adaptive techniques
- Join support groups
- Regular monitoring with your eye care provider
When to Seek immediate Care
- Sudden vision changes
- New distortions in vision
- Rapid decrease in central vision
- Straight lines appearing wavy