What is Albinism?
Albinism is a rare genetic condition that affects the production of melanin, the pigment responsible for coloring skin, hair, and eyes. This inherited condition occurs in all racial and ethnic groups worldwide.
Types of Albinism
Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA)
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Type 1 (OCA1): Complete absence of melanin
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Type 2 (OCA2): Most common form, some melanin production
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Type 3 (OCA3): Primarily affects people of African descent
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Type 4 (OCA4): Similar to OCA2, more common in East Asian populations
Ocular Albinism
- Affects primarily the eyes
- Usually occurs only in males
- Skin and hair may appear normal
Common Symptoms
Visual Issues
- Photophobia (light sensitivity)
- Nystagmus (involuntary eye movements)
- Poor depth perception
- Reduced visual acuity
- Strabismus (crossed eyes)
Physical Characteristics
- Pale skin
- Light-colored hair
- Light-colored eyes
- Increased sun sensitivity
Management and Treatment
Vision Care
- Regular eye examinations
- Prescription eyewear
- Visual aids when needed
- Protection from bright light
Skin Protection
- High-SPF sunscreen
- Protective clothing
- Avoiding peak sun hours
- Regular skin checks
Living with Albinism
Daily Considerations
- Indoor and outdoor light management
- Regular medical follow-up
- Educational accommodations if needed
- Emotional support and counseling
When to Seek Medical Care
- Vision changes
- Skin concerns
- Annual check-ups
- Family planning questions
Support Resources
- Albinism support groups
- Educational resources
- Medical specialists
- Genetic counseling services