What is Allergic Rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the nasal passages, triggered by allergens in the environment. It's commonly known as hay fever, though it isn't caused by hay and doesn't produce fever.
Common Triggers
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Outdoor allergens:
- Tree pollen
- Grass pollen
- Weed pollen
-
Indoor allergens:
- Dust mites
- Pet dander
- Mold spores
Key Symptoms
Main Symptoms
- Sneezing
- Runny nose
- Nasal congestion
- Itchy nose, eyes, and throat
- Watery eyes
Additional Symptoms
- Postnasal drip
- Fatigue
- Decreased sense of smell
- Dark circles under eyes
Diagnosis
- Medical history review
- Physical examination
- Allergy testing:
- Skin prick tests
- Blood tests (specific IgE)
Treatment Options
Medication
-
Antihistamines
- Oral medications
- Nasal sprays
-
Nasal Corticosteroids
-
Decongestants
-
Leukotriene Modifiers
Prevention Strategies
- Monitor pollen forecasts
- Keep windows closed during high pollen periods
- Use air purifiers
- Regular cleaning to reduce indoor allergens
- Shower after outdoor exposure
When to See a Doctor
- Symptoms significantly affecting quality of life
- Persistent symptoms despite over-the-counter treatments
- Development of complications
- Symptoms interfering with sleep or daily activities
Long-term Management
-
Immunotherapy options:
- Allergy shots
- Sublingual tablets
- Regular follow-up with healthcare provider
- Maintaining trigger avoidance strategies
- Keeping rescue medications available