Understanding Allergies: A Patient's Guide

What Are Allergies?

Allergies occur when your immune system reacts to substances (allergens) that are typically harmless to most people. These reactions can affect multiple body systems and range from mild to severe.

Common Allergens

• Airborne allergens:
  • Pollen
  • Dust mites
  • Pet dander
  • Mold spores
• Food allergens:
  • Peanuts and tree nuts
  • Shellfish
  • Eggs
  • Milk
• Contact allergens:
  • Latex
  • Metals (especially nickel)
  • Certain plants

Common Symptoms

Mild to Moderate Symptoms

• Sneezing and runny nose
• Itchy, watery eyes
• Skin rashes or hives
• Coughing and wheezing

Severe Symptoms (Anaphylaxis)

• Difficulty breathing
• Swelling of throat or tongue
• Rapid pulse
• Dizziness or fainting

Diagnosis

• Medical history review
• Physical examination
• Allergy testing:
  • Skin prick tests
  • Blood tests
  • Patch tests

Treatment Options

1. Avoidance

   • Identifying and avoiding triggers
   • Environmental modifications

2. Medications

   • Antihistamines
   • Decongestants
   • Nasal corticosteroids
   • Emergency epinephrine

3. Immunotherapy

   • Allergy shots
   • Sublingual tablets

Prevention Strategies

• Monitor local pollen counts
• Use air purifiers
• Regular cleaning
• Maintain proper humidity

When to Seek Medical Care

• Symptoms interfering with daily activities
• Signs of anaphylaxis
• Persistent symptoms despite over-the-counter treatments