What is Altitude Sickness?
Altitude sickness, also known as acute mountain sickness (AMS), occurs when you ascend to high altitudes too quickly. It typically develops above 8,000 feet (2,400 meters) above sea level when your body hasn't had time to adapt to lower oxygen levels.
Common Symptoms
- Headache (most common symptom)
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fatigue and weakness
- Dizziness
- Sleep problems
- Loss of appetite
- Shortness of breath with exertion
Risk Factors
- Rapid ascent to high altitude
- Previous history of altitude sickness
- Living at low elevation
- Physical exertion at high altitude
- Certain medical conditions (heart or lung disease)
Prevention
Gradual Ascent
- Climb slowly and gradually
- Follow the "climb high, sleep low" principle
- Avoid increasing sleeping elevation by more than 1,000 feet per day
Medication
-
Acetazolamide (Diamox): Can help prevent symptoms
-
Dexamethasone: For severe cases (prescription required)
Other Preventive Measures
- Stay hydrated
- Avoid alcohol
- Eat regular, carbohydrate-rich meals
- Get adequate rest
Treatment
Mild Cases
- Stop ascending
- Rest and acclimatize
- Take pain relievers for headache
- Stay hydrated
Severe Cases
- Immediate descent (most effective treatment)
- Oxygen supplementation
- Medical evacuation if necessary
- Professional medical attention
Warning Signs (Seek Immediate Help)
- Severe shortness of breath at rest
- Mental confusion
- Inability to walk straight
- Persistent cough
- Coughing up pink, frothy sputum
Long-term Considerations
- Allow time for acclimatization before future high-altitude trips
- Discuss prevention strategies with healthcare provider
- Consider medical clearance before high-altitude travel if you have underlying conditions
When to See a Doctor
- Symptoms persist despite descent
- Symptoms are severe or worsening
- Signs of HAPE (High Altitude Pulmonary Edema) or HACE (High Altitude Cerebral Edema) develop