Understanding and Managing Contact Dermatitis: A Patient's Guide

What Is Contact Dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a skin inflammation that occurs when your skin comes into contact with an irritating substance or allergen. The condition typically causes redness, itching, and a rash.

Types of Contact Dermatitis

1. Irritant Contact Dermatitis

• Most common type (80% of cases)
• Caused by direct skin damage from irritants
• Common triggers:
  • Soaps and detergents
  • Cleaning products
  • Acids or alkaline materials
  • Extended water exposure

2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis

• Immune system response to allergens
• Common triggers:
  • Nickel and other metals
  • Latex
  • Cosmetics
  • Plants (e.g., poison ivy)

Symptoms

• Redness and swelling
• Itching and burning
• Blisters or fluid-filled bumps
• Dry, cracked skin
• Pain or tenderness

Treatment Options

Immediate Steps

1. Remove the irritant/allergen
2. Wash the affected area with mild soap and water
3. Apply cool compresses

Medical Treatments

• Over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream
• Oral antihistamines for itching
• Prescribed topical steroids (if needed)
• Moisturizers to protect and heal skin

Prevention Strategies

General Prevention

• Identify and avoid triggers
• Wear protective gloves when necessary
• Use skin barrier creams
• Choose fragrance-free products

When to Seek Medical Care

• Severe reactions
• Infection signs
• Symptoms lasting >2 weeks
• Interference with daily activities

Follow-up Care

Maintain a skin diary to track exposures and reactions. Schedule regular check-ups with your dermatologist if symptoms persist or recur.