What is Dandruff?
Dandruff is a common scalp condition characterized by white or grayish flakes of dead skin that appear in the hair and on shoulders. It affects up to 50% of the adult population worldwide.
Causes
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Malassezia fungi: Naturally occurring yeasts that can overgrow
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Seborrheic dermatitis: Oily, irritated skin
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Dry skin: Especially common in winter months
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Sensitivity to hair products: Reaction to certain ingredients
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Poor hygiene: Infrequent shampooing
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Hormonal changes: Can affect scalp oil production
Common Symptoms
- Visible white or grayish flakes in hair and on clothing
- Itchy scalp
- Red or irritated skin on scalp
- Oily patches on scalp
- Mild to moderate scalp discomfort
Treatment Options
Over-the-Counter Solutions
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Medicated Shampoos containing:
- Zinc pyrithione
- Selenium sulfide
- Ketoconazole
- Salicylic acid
- Coal tar
Lifestyle Changes
- Regular hair washing
- Proper scalp hygiene
- Stress management
- Balanced diet
When to See a Doctor
- If symptoms persist after 4 weeks of self-treatment
- If scalp becomes severely red or inflamed
- If dandruff causes significant social embarrassment
- If accompanied by severe itching or pain
Prevention Tips
- Wash hair regularly with appropriate shampoo
- Manage stress levels
- Maintain a healthy diet rich in zinc, B vitamins, and omega-3s
- Avoid hair products that irritate your scalp
- Use sun protection for your scalp
Long-term Management
- Rotate between different anti-dandruff shampoos
- Follow proper hair care routine
- Monitor triggers and avoid them
- Keep scalp clean and healthy