Understanding Angina: A Patient's Guide

What is Angina?

Angina is chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. It occurs when the heart doesn't receive enough oxygen-rich blood to function properly.

Types of Angina

• Stable Angina

  • Most common type
  • Predictable pattern
  • Triggered by specific activities
  • Relieved by rest or medication

• Unstable Angina

  • Occurs unexpectedly
  • May happen at rest
  • More severe and longer-lasting
  • Requires immediate medical attention

Common Symptoms

• Chest pain or pressure
• Discomfort that may feel like:
  • Squeezing
  • Burning
  • Heaviness
• Pain that may spread to:
  • Arms
  • Neck
  • Jaw
  • Shoulders
  • Back

Risk Factors

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Obesity
• Family history of heart disease
• Advanced age

Treatment Options

Medications

• Nitrates
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Aspirin

Lifestyle Changes

• Regular exercise
• Healthy diet
• Smoking cessation
• Stress management
• Weight control

When to Seek Emergency Care

• Chest pain lasting more than a few minutes
• Pain not relieved by rest or medication
• Severe pain with:
  • Shortness of breath
  • Sweating
  • Nausea
  • Dizziness

Prevention

• Regular medical check-ups
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Cholesterol management
• Active lifestyle
• Heart-healthy diet