Understanding Antihistamines

A Patient's Guide to Allergy Relief Medications

Family Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What Are Antihistamines?

Antihistamines are medications that help relieve allergy symptoms by blocking histamine, a chemical your body produces during allergic reactions.

Types of Antihistamines

First-Generation (Older)

  • Examples:
    • Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
    • Chlorpheniramine
  • Characteristics:
    • Cause drowsiness
    • Work quickly
    • Last 4-6 hours

Second-Generation (Newer)

  • Examples:
    • Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
    • Loratadine (Claritin)
    • Fexofenadine (Allegra)
  • Characteristics:
    • Less sedating
    • Last 24 hours
    • Fewer side effects

Common Uses

  • Seasonal allergies
  • Hay fever
  • Hives
  • Pet allergies
  • Dust allergies
  • Mild allergic reactions

Side Effects

Common Side Effects

  • Drowsiness (especially with first-generation)
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Constipation

When to Seek Medical Attention

  • Severe dizziness
  • Rapid heartbeat
  • Difficulty urinating
  • Confusion

Usage Guidelines

  1. Follow prescribed dosage
  2. Take at the same time daily for best results
  3. Avoid alcohol while taking antihistamines
  4. Don't operate heavy machinery if experiencing drowsiness

Special Considerations

Drug Interactions

  • Inform your doctor about other medications
  • Avoid combining with sedatives
  • Use caution with antidepressants

Not Recommended For

  • Some chronic health conditions
  • Pregnancy (consult doctor)
  • Young children (age restrictions vary)

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

  • Symptoms don't improve
  • Side effects are severe
  • Allergic reaction to the medication
  • Questions about long-term use

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