What is Aortic Valve Replacement?
Aortic valve replacement is a surgical procedure to replace a damaged or malfunctioning aortic valve with either a mechanical or biological valve prosthesis.
Why is it Needed?
- Severe aortic stenosis (narrowing)
- Aortic regurgitation (leaking)
- Congenital heart defects
- Endocarditis complications
Types of Replacement Valves
Mechanical Valves
- Made of durable materials like carbon and metal
- Last longer than biological valves
- Require lifelong blood thinners
- Usually recommended for younger patients
Biological (Tissue) Valves
- Made from animal or human tissue
- Don't require long-term blood thinners
- May need replacement after 10-15 years
- Often chosen for older patients
Surgical Approaches
Traditional Open-Heart Surgery
- Full sternotomy (chest opening)
- Direct access to heart
- 4-6 hour procedure
- 5-7 day hospital stay
Minimally Invasive Options
- TAVR (Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement)
- Smaller incisions
- Faster recovery
- Not suitable for all patients
Recovery and Rehabilitation
Hospital Stay
- Intensive care for 1-2 days
- Regular ward for 3-5 days
- Vital sign monitoring
- Initial physical therapy
At Home Recovery
- 6-8 weeks for basic recovery
- Gradual return to activities
- Regular follow-up appointments
- Cardiac rehabilitation program
Potential Risks and Complications
- Bleeding
- Infection
- Irregular heart rhythms
- Blood clots
- Valve dysfunction
Long-term Care
- Regular medical check-ups
- Anticoagulation monitoring (if applicable)
- Endocarditis prevention
- Lifestyle modifications
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Fever or chills
- Unusual bleeding
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Irregular heartbeat