Understanding Atherosclerosis

What is Atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to the buildup of plaque on their inner walls. This plaque consists of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood.

Risk Factors

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Family history
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Advanced age

Symptoms

Symptoms vary depending on which arteries are affected:

Coronary Arteries

• Chest pain (angina)
• Shortness of breath
• Heart attack

Brain Arteries

• Sudden weakness
• Speech problems
• Visual disturbances
• Stroke

Peripheral Arteries

• Leg pain when walking
• Slow wound healing
• Cold feet or hands

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Imaging tests (ultrasound, CT, MRI)
• Stress tests
• Angiography

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

• Smoking cessation
• Regular exercise
• Healthy diet
• Weight management

Medications

• Statins for cholesterol
• Blood pressure medications
• Anti-platelet drugs
• Diabetes medications if needed

Surgical Procedures

• Angioplasty
• Stent placement
• Bypass surgery

Prevention

1. Maintain healthy blood pressure
2. Control cholesterol levels
3. Exercise regularly
4. Eat a heart-healthy diet
5. Avoid smoking
6. Manage stress
7. Control diabetes if present

When to Seek Medical Attention

Seek immediate medical care if you experience:

• Severe chest pain
• Sudden arm or leg weakness
• Speech difficulties
• Severe headache
• Signs of stroke

Long-term Management

Regular monitoring and follow-up with healthcare providers is essential for:

• Medication adjustment
• Risk factor management
• Prevention of complications
• Early detection of problems