What is Atrial Fibrillation?
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is an irregular heart rhythm (arrhythmia) where the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically and irregularly. This disrupts normal blood flow through the heart and can lead to various complications.
Key Symptoms
- Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations
- Fatigue and weakness
- Shortness of breath
- Chest pain or discomfort
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Reduced exercise capacity
Risk Factors
-
Age: Risk increases with age
-
Medical conditions:
- High blood pressure
- Heart disease
- Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
-
Lifestyle factors:
- Obesity
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Smoking
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
- Holter monitor
- Blood tests
- Echocardiogram
Treatment Options
1. Medications
- Blood thinners (anticoagulants)
- Heart rate control medications
- Heart rhythm control medications
2. Procedures
- Cardioversion
- Catheter ablation
- Maze procedure
- Left atrial appendage closure
Complications
- Stroke
- Heart failure
- Blood clots
- Cognitive decline
Lifestyle Management
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly (as advised by your doctor)
- Limit alcohol and caffeine
- Manage stress
- Follow medication schedule
- Regular medical check-ups
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Severe chest pain
- Fainting
- Severe shortness of breath
- Signs of stroke (facial drooping, arm weakness, speech difficulty)