What is a Barium Enema?
A barium enema is a diagnostic imaging procedure that uses X-rays to examine the lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the large intestine (colon) and rectum.
Purpose of the Examination
- Detect polyps or tumors
- Identify ulcers or inflammatory conditions
- Diagnose causes of chronic diarrhea
- Investigate unexplained bleeding
- Screen for colon cancer
Preparation
Before the Procedure
- Clear liquid diet for 24 hours before the exam
- Complete bowel preparation as prescribed
- Avoid eating or drinking after midnight
- Inform your doctor about medications and allergies
The Procedure
What to Expect
- Change into a hospital gown
- Lie on the X-ray table
- Insertion of a small tube into the rectum
- Introduction of barium solution
- Multiple X-ray images taken in different positions
Types of Barium Enema
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Single Contrast: Uses barium alone
-
Double Contrast: Uses both barium and air for enhanced detail
Duration and Discomfort
- Procedure typically takes 30-60 minutes
- Mild discomfort or cramping may occur
- Feeling of fullness is common
After the Procedure
- Drink plenty of water
- Resume normal diet
- Expect white stools for 1-2 days
- May experience mild constipation
Risks and Complications
- Radiation exposure (minimal)
- Bowel perforation (very rare)
- Barium impaction
- Allergic reactions (uncommon)
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Severe abdominal pain
- Fever
- Inability to pass gas or stool
- Bleeding
Results
- Usually available within 24-48 hours
- Follow-up appointment may be scheduled
- Additional tests may be recommended based on findings