Understanding Bartholin's Cysts

A Comprehensive Guide for Patients

Family Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What are Bartholin's Glands?

Bartholin's glands are two small structures located on either side of the vaginal opening. These pea-sized glands normally produce fluid that helps lubricate the vagina.

What is a Bartholin's Cyst?

A Bartholin's cyst develops when the gland's duct becomes blocked, causing fluid to build up. This results in a swelling that can vary in size from a pea to a golf ball.

Common Symptoms

  • Painless lump near the vaginal opening
  • Discomfort when walking or sitting
  • Pain during intercourse
  • Redness and tenderness (if infected)

Types and Complications

Simple Cyst

  • Painless swelling
  • Filled with clear fluid
  • May not require treatment

Abscess

  • Infected cyst
  • Painful and tender
  • May contain pus
  • Requires prompt medical attention

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

  • Sitz baths
  • Warm compresses
  • Over-the-counter pain relievers

Medical Procedures

  1. Word catheterization

    • Insertion of small tube to drain fluid
    • Allows new duct to form
  2. Marsupialization

    • Minor surgical procedure
    • Creates permanent opening for drainage
  3. Surgical excision

    • Reserved for recurring cases
    • Removal of entire gland

When to Seek Medical Care

  • Painful swelling
  • Fever
  • Difficulty walking
  • Rapid growth of the cyst

Prevention

  • Good hygiene practices
  • Regular check-ups
  • Prompt attention to symptoms

Recovery and Outlook

Most Bartholin's cysts resolve with proper treatment. Recovery time varies depending on treatment method and severity.

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