Understanding Bowel Cancer

What is Bowel Cancer?

Bowel cancer, also known as colorectal cancer, develops in the large intestine (colon) or rectum. It typically begins as small, benign growths called polyps that may become cancerous over time.

Key Risk Factors

• Age (especially over 50)
• Family history of bowel cancer
• Personal history of polyps
• Inflammatory bowel diseases
• Lifestyle factors:
  • Poor diet high in red/processed meats
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption

Common Symptoms

• Changes in bowel habits lasting more than 3 weeks
• Blood in stool
• Unexplained weight loss
• Persistent abdominal pain
• Extreme tiredness for no obvious reason

Diagnosis

Initial Assessment

• Physical examination
• Medical history review
• Blood tests

Screening Tests

1. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT)
2. Colonoscopy
3. Flexible sigmoidoscopy
4. CT colonography

Treatment Options

Surgery

• Local excision for early-stage cancers
• Colectomy for advanced cases
• Stoma formation when necessary

Additional Treatments

• Chemotherapy
• Radiotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy

Prevention

1. Regular screening after age 50
2. Healthy diet rich in fiber
3. Regular exercise
4. Maintaining healthy weight
5. Limiting alcohol consumption
6. Not smoking

Living with Bowel Cancer

• Regular follow-up care
• Emotional support
• Lifestyle modifications
• Support groups

When to See Your Doctor

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Persistent changes in bowel habits
• Unexplained bleeding
• Severe abdominal pain
• Unexpected weight loss