Understanding Bronchiectasis

A Comprehensive Guide to Causes, Symptoms, and Management

Internal Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What is Bronchiectasis?

Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory condition where the airways (bronchi) become permanently widened and damaged. This leads to mucus accumulation and recurring infections.

Common Causes

  • Severe respiratory infections
  • Genetic conditions (e.g., Cystic Fibrosis)
  • Autoimmune disorders
  • Chronic inflammatory conditions
  • Primary ciliary dyskinesia

Key Symptoms

Primary Symptoms

  • Chronic cough with mucus production
  • Recurring chest infections
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing

Additional Signs

  • Fatigue
  • Chest pain
  • Coughing up blood (hemoptysis)

Diagnosis

  • High-resolution CT scan
  • Lung function tests
  • Sputum analysis
  • Blood tests

Treatment Options

Daily Management

  1. Airway clearance techniques
  2. Regular exercise
  3. Proper hydration

Medical Interventions

  • Antibiotics for infections
  • Bronchodilators
  • Mucus-thinning medications
  • Anti-inflammatory drugs

Living with Bronchiectasis

Lifestyle Modifications

  • Avoiding smoking and second-hand smoke
  • Regular vaccinations
  • Maintaining good nutrition
  • Following prescribed treatment plans

When to Seek Help

  • Increased breathlessness
  • Changes in sputum color or volume
  • Fever or increased fatigue
  • New or worsening symptoms

Prevention of Flare-ups

  • Regular medical check-ups
  • Prompt treatment of infections
  • Maintaining good hygiene
  • Following vaccination schedules

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