What is Bronchitis?
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes, the airways that carry air to and from your lungs. When these tubes become inflamed, they produce excess mucus, leading to coughing and breathing difficulties.
Types of Bronchitis
Acute Bronchitis
- Typically lasts 1-3 weeks
- Usually caused by viral infections
- Often develops after a cold or flu
Chronic Bronchitis
- Part of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
- Lasts at least 3 months, recurring for 2+ consecutive years
- Often related to smoking or environmental factors
Common Symptoms
- Persistent cough with mucus
- Chest discomfort
- Fatigue
- Mild fever and chills
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
Risk Factors
- Smoking or exposure to secondhand smoke
- Weakened immune system
- Frequent exposure to irritants
- Age (older adults and young children)
- Gastric reflux
Treatment Options
Self-Care Measures
- Rest and hydration
- Humidifier use
- Over-the-counter pain relievers
- Avoiding smoking and irritants
Medical Treatment
- Bronchodilators for breathing difficulty
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Antibiotics (only if bacterial infection present)
When to See a Doctor
- Cough lasting more than 3 weeks
- Fever above 100.4°F (38°C)
- Production of discolored or bloody mucus
- Difficulty breathing
- Chest pain
Prevention
- Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke
- Practice good hand hygiene
- Get recommended vaccinations
- Use masks in polluted environments
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle
Long-term Outlook
Most cases of acute bronchitis resolve within a few weeks with proper care. Chronic bronchitis requires ongoing management and lifestyle modifications.