Understanding Brucellosis

What is Brucellosis?

Brucellosis is a bacterial infection caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. It's primarily a disease that affects animals but can be transmitted to humans through various means.

How Is It Transmitted?

• Direct contact with infected animals
• Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products
• Inhalation of contaminated air particles
• Contact with infected animal tissues

Common Symptoms

Early Symptoms

• Fever with fluctuating temperature
• Fatigue and weakness
• Joint and muscle pain
• Headaches
• Night sweats

Later Symptoms

• Weight loss
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Arthritis
• Depression and mood changes

Diagnosis

• Blood tests to detect antibodies
• Blood cultures
• Bone marrow cultures in some cases
• PCR testing

Treatment Options

Medication

• Combination antibiotic therapy
• Usually doxycycline plus rifampin
• Treatment duration: 6-8 weeks minimum

Supportive Care

• Rest and hydration
• Pain management
• Regular monitoring

Prevention

1. Avoid unpasteurized dairy products
2. Wear protective gear when handling animals
3. Practice proper hand hygiene
4. Cook meat thoroughly

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you:

• Have been exposed to potentially infected animals
• Develop persistent fever
• Experience severe joint pain
• Have consumed unpasteurized dairy products from endemic areas

Long-term Outlook

Most patients recover completely with proper treatment, though recovery may take several months. Relapses can occur if treatment is inadequate.

Complications

• Endocarditis
• Arthritis
• Neurological problems
• Chronic fatigue

Follow-up Care

• Regular check-ups during treatment
• Blood tests to monitor recovery
• Long-term monitoring if complications develop