What is Bursitis?
Bursitis is the inflammation of small, fluid-filled sacs called bursae that cushion the bones, tendons, and muscles near your joints. These bursae help reduce friction during movement.
Common Locations
- Shoulder (subacromial bursitis)
- Hip (trochanteric bursitis)
- Elbow (olecranon bursitis)
- Knee (prepatellar bursitis)
- Heel (retrocalcaneal bursitis)
Causes and Risk Factors
Primary Causes:
- Repetitive motions
- Direct pressure on the joint
- Traumatic injury
- Inflammatory conditions
Risk Factors:
- Age (more common over 40)
- Occupation requiring repetitive movements
- Athletic activities
- Certain medical conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, gout)
Symptoms
- Localized pain
- Swelling and tenderness
- Limited range of motion
- Pain that worsens with movement or pressure
- Redness in the affected area
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Medical history review
- Imaging tests (X-rays, MRI, ultrasound)
- Fluid aspiration (in some cases)
Treatment Options
Conservative Treatment
- Rest and activity modification
- Ice/heat therapy
- Over-the-counter pain medications
- Physical therapy
Medical Interventions
- Corticosteroid injections
- Antibiotics (if infection present)
- Aspiration of fluid
- Surgery (rarely needed)
Prevention
- Proper warm-up before exercise
- Use of protective equipment
- Regular stretching
- Proper posture and ergonomics
- Taking regular breaks during repetitive activities
When to Seek Medical Care
- Severe pain or disability
- Fever
- Excessive swelling or redness
- Symptoms lasting longer than 2 weeks
- Recurrent episodes