What is Cancer?
Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells in the body. These cells can form masses called tumors and may invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body.
Types of Cancer
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Carcinomas: Most common type, affecting skin or tissues covering internal organs
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Sarcomas: Cancers in bone, muscle, fat, or connective tissue
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Leukemias: Blood cancers
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Lymphomas: Cancers of the lymphatic system
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Brain and spinal cord cancers: Affecting central nervous system
Common Risk Factors
- Age
- Family history
- Lifestyle factors:
- Smoking
- Excessive alcohol consumption
- Poor diet
- Lack of physical activity
- Environmental exposures
- Certain infections
Warning Signs (The CAUTION Approach)
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Changes in bowel or bladder habits
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Abnormal bleeding or discharge
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Unusual lumps or thickened areas
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Trouble swallowing or indigestion
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Irregular skin changes
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Obvious changes in warts or moles
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Nagging cough or hoarseness
Diagnosis Methods
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests (X-rays, CT scans, MRI)
- Laboratory tests
- Biopsy procedures
- Genetic testing
Treatment Options
Primary Treatments
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Radiation therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Targeted therapy
Supportive Care
- Pain management
- Nutritional support
- Psychological support
- Physical therapy
Prevention Strategies
- Regular screening
- Healthy lifestyle choices
- Vaccination against cancer-causing viruses
- Avoiding known carcinogens
- Regular medical check-ups
Living with Cancer
- Follow treatment plans carefully
- Maintain good communication with healthcare team
- Seek support from family and support groups
- Focus on overall wellness
- Monitor symptoms and side effects
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Severe pain
- High fever
- Uncontrolled bleeding
- Difficulty breathing
- Sudden confusion
Resources and Support
- Cancer support groups
- Patient advocacy organizations
- Financial assistance programs
- Educational resources
- Counseling services