Understanding Cervical Cancer

What is Cervical Cancer?

Cervical cancer is a malignancy that develops in the cervix - the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina. It primarily occurs when cells in the cervix develop mutations in their DNA, leading to abnormal growth.

Risk Factors

• HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
• Smoking
• Weakened immune system
• Long-term birth control pill use
• Multiple pregnancies
• Family history

Early Detection

Screening Tests

• Pap Smear: Examines cervical cells for abnormalities
• HPV Test: Checks for presence of high-risk HPV types

Common Symptoms

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding
• Pelvic pain
• Pain during intercourse
• Unusual vaginal discharge
• Post-menopausal bleeding

Stages and Diagnosis

Staging Process

1. Physical examination
2. Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scan)
3. Tissue biopsy

Treatment Options

Early Stage

• Surgery (conization, hysterectomy)
• Radiation therapy

Advanced Stage

• Combined radiation and chemotherapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy

Prevention

1. HPV Vaccination
2. Regular screening
3. Safe sex practices
4. Smoking cessation

Living with Cervical Cancer

• Regular follow-up care
• Support groups
• Healthy lifestyle maintenance
• Mental health support

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if you experience:

• Unusual bleeding
• Persistent pelvic pain
• Unexplained weight loss