Understanding Cervical Screening

A Comprehensive Guide to Cervical Cancer Prevention

Family Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What is Cervical Screening?

Cervical screening, also known as a Pap smear or HPV test, is a preventive procedure that checks the health of your cervix. The cervix is the opening to your uterus from your vagina.

Why is it Important?

  • Early detection of cervical cell changes
  • Prevention of cervical cancer
  • Identification of HPV (Human Papillomavirus)
  • Regular monitoring of cervical health

When Should You Get Screened?

Age Guidelines:

  • First screening at age 21
  • Ages 21-29: Every 3 years (Pap test)
  • Ages 30-65: Every 5 years (HPV and Pap co-testing) or every 3 years (Pap test alone)

The Screening Procedure

  1. Before the Test

    • Schedule appointment when not menstruating
    • Avoid douching or vaginal products for 48 hours
  2. During the Test

    • Takes about 5 minutes
    • Gentle insertion of speculum
    • Collection of cervical cells
    • Minimal discomfort

Understanding Results

Normal Results

  • No abnormal cells detected
  • Follow regular screening schedule

Abnormal Results

  • May indicate:
    • Minor cell changes
    • HPV infection
    • Precancerous changes
    • Further testing needed

Follow-up Care

Depending on results:

  • Regular screening schedule
  • More frequent monitoring
  • Colposcopy
  • Additional testing

Risk Factors

  • HPV infection
  • Smoking
  • Weakened immune system
  • Family history

Prevention

  1. Regular screening
  2. HPV vaccination
  3. Safe sex practices
  4. Not smoking

When to Contact Your Healthcare Provider

  • Unusual bleeding
  • Pelvic pain
  • Abnormal discharge
  • Questions about results

Remember: Cervical screening saves lives through early detection and prevention.

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