Understanding Colorectal Cancer: Your Questions Answered

What is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum. It typically starts as small, benign growths called polyps that can become cancerous over time.

What Are the Risk Factors?

• Age (especially over 50)
• Family history of colorectal cancer
• Personal history of polyps
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Lifestyle factors:
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Diet high in red/processed meats
  • Physical inactivity

What Are Common Symptoms?

• Changes in bowel habits
• Blood in stool
• Persistent abdominal discomfort
• Unexplained weight loss
• Fatigue

How Is It Diagnosed?

1. Screening Tests:

   • Colonoscopy
   • Stool tests
   • CT colonography

2. Diagnostic Procedures:

   • Biopsy
   • Blood tests
   • Imaging studies

What Are the Treatment Options?

• Surgery
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Targeted therapy
• Immunotherapy

What About Prevention?

• Regular screening starting at age 45
• Healthy diet rich in fiber
• Regular exercise
• Limiting alcohol consumption
• Not smoking
• Maintaining healthy weight

What Is the Prognosis?

Prognosis varies depending on:

• Stage at diagnosis
• Response to treatment
• Overall health status
• Age and other medical conditions