What is Craniosynostosis?
Craniosynostosis is a birth condition where one or more of the fibrous joints (sutures) between the bones of a baby's skull close prematurely, before the brain has fully formed. This causes the skull to grow in an unusual shape.
Types of Craniosynostosis
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Sagittal synostosis (most common)
- Causes long, narrow head shape
- Affects the suture on top of the head
-
Coronal synostosis
- Results in flattened forehead on affected side
- Can be unilateral or bilateral
-
Metopic synostosis
- Creates triangular-shaped forehead
- Affects the suture in the front of the skull
-
Lambdoid synostosis
- Causes flattening in the back of the head
- Rarest form
Signs and Symptoms
- Unusual head shape
- Hard ridges along affected sutures
- Slow or absent soft spot closure
- Abnormal facial features
- Possible developmental delays
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Imaging tests:
- CT scans
- X-rays
- 3D imaging
Treatment Options
Surgical Intervention
- Traditional open surgery
- Minimally invasive endoscopic procedures
- Usually performed before 12 months of age
Post-Surgical Care
- Helmet therapy
- Regular follow-up appointments
- Monitoring of development
Long-term Outlook
- Excellent prognosis with early treatment
- Regular monitoring through childhood
- Possible need for additional procedures
When to Seek Medical Care
- Unusual head shape in infancy
- Concerns about skull development
- Missing developmental milestones
Prevention and Risk Factors
While not preventable, risk factors include:
- Genetic conditions
- Family history
- Maternal medication use during pregnancy
- Certain metabolic disorders