Understanding Diarrhoea and Vomiting

What is Gastroenteritis?

Gastroenteritis is an infection or inflammation of the digestive system that commonly causes diarrhoea and vomiting. It's usually caused by a virus, bacteria, or parasites.

Common Causes

• Viral infections (most common)
  • Norovirus
  • Rotavirus
• Bacterial infections
  • E. coli
  • Salmonella
• Food intolerances
• Medication side effects

Key Symptoms

• Frequent loose, watery stools
• Nausea and vomiting
• Stomach cramps
• Mild fever
• Headache
• Loss of appetite

Warning Signs - Seek Medical Help If:

• Blood in stool or vomit
• Severe abdominal pain
• High fever (>39°C/102.2°F)
• Signs of dehydration:
  • Dark urine
  • Dizziness
  • Dry mouth
  • Reduced urination

Treatment

Self-Care Measures

1. Stay hydrated
2. Rest adequately
3. Eat small, light meals
4. Avoid dairy and fatty foods

Medication

• Oral rehydration solutions
• Anti-diarrheal medication (if advised)
• Anti-emetics for vomiting

Prevention

• Regular hand washing
• Safe food handling
• Clean drinking water
• Proper food storage

Recovery Timeline

Most cases improve within 2-3 days and resolve completely within a week.

When to Return to Work/School

Wait at least 48 hours after symptoms have stopped before returning to normal activities.