Understanding Diphtheria

What is Diphtheria?

Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the nose and throat.

Key Symptoms

• Thick, gray coating in the throat and nose
• Difficulty breathing or swallowing
• Swollen neck glands ('bull neck')
• Fever and chills
• General weakness

Transmission

Diphtheria spreads through:

• Respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing
• Close physical contact with an infected person
• Touching contaminated objects

Risk Factors

• Unvaccinated status
• Travel to endemic areas
• Weakened immune system
• Poor living conditions

Complications

Untreated diphtheria can lead to:

• Heart problems
• Nerve damage
• Breathing difficulties
• Paralysis
• Death in severe cases

Diagnosis

• Physical examination
• Throat culture
• Laboratory tests

Treatment

1. Antitoxin Therapy
   • Immediate administration of diphtheria antitoxin
2. Antibiotics
   • Usually penicillin or erythromycin
3. Supportive Care
   • Rest
   • Proper nutrition
   • Respiratory support if needed

Prevention

1. Vaccination
   • DTaP for children
   • Td/Tdap boosters for adults
2. Isolation of infected individuals
3. Good hygiene practices

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you:

• Have been exposed to diphtheria
• Develop symptoms
• Haven't been vaccinated and plan to travel to high-risk areas

Prognosis

With prompt treatment, most people recover fully. Delayed treatment increases risk of complications.

Follow-up Care

• Complete full course of antibiotics
• Regular medical check-ups
• Ensure vaccination status is current