What is an Embolism?
An embolism occurs when a blood clot or other material travels through the bloodstream and blocks a blood vessel. This blockage can prevent vital oxygen and nutrients from reaching important organs.
Types of Emboli
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Thromboembolism: Blood clots that break free and travel
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Fat embolism: Usually occurs after bone fractures
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Air embolism: Air bubbles in blood vessels
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Amniotic fluid embolism: Rare pregnancy complication
Common Locations
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
- Most common serious type
- Affects blood vessels in the lungs
- Often originates from leg clots
Other Locations
- Brain (cerebral embolism)
- Heart (coronary embolism)
- Limbs (peripheral embolism)
Risk Factors
- Extended immobility
- Recent surgery
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Pregnancy
- Certain medications (e.g., birth control pills)
- Family history of blood clots
Warning Signs
Pulmonary Embolism
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Rapid heartbeat
- Coughing (possibly with blood)
Other Types
- Sudden weakness or numbness
- Vision changes
- Speech difficulties
- Severe pain in affected area
Prevention
- Stay active and mobile
- Maintain healthy weight
- Stop smoking
- Take blood thinners if prescribed
- Use compression stockings when recommended
Treatment Options
- Anticoagulant medications
- Thrombolytic therapy
- Surgical intervention
- Placement of vena cava filters
When to Seek Emergency Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Sudden shortness of breath
- Chest pain
- Numbness or weakness on one side
- Severe unexplained pain
Recovery and Follow-up
- Follow medication schedule strictly
- Attend all follow-up appointments
- Monitor for recurring symptoms
- Make recommended lifestyle changes