Understanding Food Allergies

What Is a Food Allergy?

A food allergy is an immune system reaction that occurs when your body mistakenly identifies certain foods as harmful. This triggers the release of antibodies and chemicals like histamine, leading to various symptoms.

Common Food Allergens

The most common food allergens include:

• Peanuts
• Tree nuts
• Milk
• Eggs
• Fish
• Shellfish
• Soy
• Wheat

Symptoms

Immediate Symptoms (within minutes to hours)

• Hives or skin rash
• Swelling of lips, face, tongue, or throat
• Wheezing or difficulty breathing
• Digestive problems (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
• Dizziness or fainting

Severe Reactions

Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening reaction that requires immediate medical attention. Signs include:

• Constricted airways
• Severe drop in blood pressure
• Rapid pulse
• Loss of consciousness

Diagnosis

Your doctor may use several methods to diagnose a food allergy:

1. Detailed medical history
2. Skin prick tests
3. Blood tests
4. Oral food challenge

Management

Prevention

• Read food labels carefully
• Avoid cross-contamination
• Inform restaurants about your allergy
• Wear medical alert jewelry

Treatment

• Carry emergency medications (e.g., epinephrine auto-injector)
• Follow an emergency action plan
• Seek immediate medical care for severe reactions

Living with Food Allergies

• Work with an allergist to develop a management plan
• Educate family members and caregivers
• Join support groups
• Stay informed about new research and treatments

When to Seek Emergency Care

Call emergency services immediately if you experience:

• Difficulty breathing
• Throat tightness
• Rapid pulse
• Significant drop in blood pressure
• Multiple symptoms affecting different body systems