What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, typically due to abnormally high pressure within the eye (intraocular pressure). This damage is often gradual and can lead to vision loss if untreated.
Types of Glaucoma
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Open-angle glaucoma: The most common form, developing gradually
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Angle-closure glaucoma: A medical emergency requiring immediate treatment
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Normal-tension glaucoma: Damage occurs despite normal eye pressure
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Secondary glaucoma: Develops as a result of other medical conditions
Risk Factors
- Age over 60
- Family history
- African, Asian, or Hispanic descent
- High intraocular pressure
- Certain medical conditions (diabetes, heart disease)
- Previous eye injuries
- Long-term corticosteroid use
Common Symptoms
Open-angle Glaucoma
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision
- Tunnel vision in advanced stages
Angle-closure Glaucoma
- Severe eye pain
- Nausea and vomiting
- Blurred vision
- Halos around lights
- Red eyes
Diagnosis Methods
- Tonometry (pressure measurement)
- Visual field testing
- Optic nerve examination
- Gonioscopy
- Pachymetry
Treatment Options
Medications
- Eye drops to reduce pressure
- Oral medications when needed
Surgical Procedures
- Laser therapy
- Filtering surgery
- Drainage tubes
- Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS)
Prevention and Management
- Regular eye examinations
- Consistent use of prescribed medications
- Eye protection during activities
- Healthy lifestyle choices
- Blood pressure management
Living with Glaucoma
- Regular monitoring of vision changes
- Adherence to treatment plan
- Regular exercise (with doctor's approval)
- Protective eyewear use
- Regular communication with eye care team