What is Glomerulonephritis?
Glomerulonephritis (GN) is inflammation of the glomeruli - tiny filtering units in your kidneys. These microscopic structures filter your blood, removing excess water, electrolytes, and waste products.
Types of Glomerulonephritis
Acute Glomerulonephritis
- Develops suddenly
- Often follows a strep throat infection
- May resolve on its own
Chronic Glomerulonephritis
- Develops gradually
- May result from long-term diseases
- Usually requires ongoing management
Common Symptoms
- Blood in urine (hematuria)
- Foamy urine due to protein content
- Swelling (edema), especially in:
- Face
- Hands and feet
- Abdomen
- High blood pressure
- Decreased urination
Causes and Risk Factors
Primary Causes
- Immune system disorders
- Genetic conditions
- Infections
Secondary Causes
- Diabetes
- Lupus
- Goodpasture's syndrome
- IgA nephropathy
Diagnosis
-
Blood Tests
- Kidney function tests
- Antibody levels
- Complement levels
-
Urine Tests
- Protein levels
- Red blood cell count
- Creatinine clearance
-
Kidney Biopsy
- May be necessary for definitive diagnosis
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Dietary modifications
- Blood pressure control
- Regular monitoring
Medications
- Immunosuppressants
- Corticosteroids
- Blood pressure medications
- Diuretics
Advanced Treatment
- Plasmapheresis (in severe cases)
- Dialysis if kidney function severely declines
- Kidney transplant in end-stage disease
Prevention and Management
- Regular medical check-ups
- Prompt treatment of infections
- Blood pressure control
- Healthy lifestyle choices
- Medication compliance
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Severe swelling
- Significant decrease in urination
- Blood in urine
- Unexplained fatigue
- Shortness of breath
Long-term Outlook
Prognosis varies depending on:
- Type of glomerulonephritis
- Early detection and treatment
- Underlying conditions
- Response to therapy