Understanding Gonorrhoea

A Comprehensive Guide to Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention

Family Medicine

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What is Gonorrhoea?

Gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It can affect both men and women and typically infects the genitals, rectum, and throat.

Common Symptoms

In Men:

  • Discharge from the penis (yellow, white, or green)
  • Pain or burning when urinating
  • Swollen testicles (less common)

In Women:

  • Increased vaginal discharge
  • Lower abdominal pain
  • Bleeding between periods
  • Pain or burning when urinating

Note: Many infected people show no symptoms at all.

Diagnosis and Testing

  • Urine tests
  • Swab samples from affected areas
  • All tests are confidential and conducted by healthcare professionals

Treatment

Primary Treatment:

  • Antibiotics (typically administered as an injection plus oral medication)
  • Follow-up testing to ensure cure
  • Partner notification and treatment

Important Guidelines:

  • Complete all prescribed medication
  • Avoid sexual contact during treatment
  • Return for follow-up testing

Prevention

  • Use condoms consistently and correctly
  • Regular STI screening if sexually active
  • Limit sexual partners
  • Open communication with partners about sexual health

Complications if Untreated

  • Infertility in both men and women
  • Joint infections
  • Increased risk of HIV transmission
  • Pregnancy complications

When to Seek Medical Care

  • After unprotected sexual contact
  • If experiencing any symptoms
  • If a sexual partner has been diagnosed

Support and Resources

  • Sexual health clinics
  • GP consultations
  • Confidential helplines
  • Online resources from reputable health organizations

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