What is Gum Disease?
Gum disease (periodontal disease) is a bacterial infection that affects the tissues surrounding and supporting your teeth. It ranges from mild inflammation of the gums (gingivitis) to severe infection (periodontitis) that can damage soft tissue and bone.
Common Signs and Symptoms
- Red, swollen, or tender gums
- Bleeding while brushing or flossing
- Receding gums
- Persistent bad breath
- Loose teeth
- Changes in bite alignment
- Pus between teeth and gums
Risk Factors
- Poor oral hygiene
- Smoking or tobacco use
- Diabetes
- Hormonal changes
- Genetic predisposition
- Certain medications
- Weakened immune system
Stages of Gum Disease
1. Gingivitis
- Early stage of gum disease
- Reversible with proper care
- Characterized by inflammation
- No permanent damage yet
2. Periodontitis
- Advanced stage
- Permanent damage possible
- Bone loss may occur
- Requires professional treatment
Prevention
- Brush twice daily
- Floss daily
- Use antiseptic mouthwash
- Regular dental check-ups
- Maintain a healthy diet
- Quit smoking
Treatment Options
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Professional dental cleaning
- Scaling and root planing
- Antibiotic therapy
Surgical Treatments
- Flap surgery
- Bone and tissue grafts
- Guided tissue regeneration
Long-term Management
- Maintain regular dental visits
- Follow proper oral hygiene
- Monitor for recurring symptoms
- Address risk factors
When to See a Dentist
Seek professional care if you notice:
- Persistent bleeding gums
- Gum recession
- Loose teeth
- Changes in bite
- Severe bad breath
Complications if Untreated
- Tooth loss
- Bone deterioration
- Increased risk of heart disease
- Complications with diabetes
- Respiratory issues