What is Head and Neck Cancer?
Head and neck cancer refers to malignant tumors that develop in or around the throat, larynx, nose, sinuses, and mouth. These cancers typically begin in the squamous cells that line the moist surfaces of these regions.
Common Types
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Oral Cavity Cancer: Affects the mouth, including lips, gums, tongue
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Pharyngeal Cancer: Involves the throat (pharynx)
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Laryngeal Cancer: Affects the voice box (larynx)
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Nasal Cavity Cancer: Occurs in the space behind the nose
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Salivary Gland Cancer: Develops in the salivary glands
Risk Factors
- Tobacco use (smoking or chewing)
- Heavy alcohol consumption
- HPV (Human Papillomavirus) infection
- Extended sun exposure (for lip cancer)
- Poor oral hygiene
- Family history
Common Symptoms
- Persistent sore throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Changes in voice
- Unexplained weight loss
- Lumps or swelling in the neck
- White or red patches in the mouth
- Persistent earache
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Endoscopy
- Imaging tests (CT, MRI, PET scan)
- Biopsy
Treatment Options
Primary Treatments
- Surgery
- Radiation therapy
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
Supportive Care
- Speech therapy
- Nutritional support
- Dental care
- Psychological support
Recovery and Follow-up
Regular follow-up appointments are essential for:
- Monitoring recovery
- Detecting potential recurrence
- Managing side effects
- Maintaining quality of life
Prevention
- Quit smoking
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Practice good oral hygiene
- Protect against sun exposure
- Get HPV vaccination (when appropriate)
Support Resources
- Cancer support groups
- Speech and swallowing specialists
- Nutritionists
- Mental health professionals