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Understanding Heart Valve Disease: A Patient's Guide

Essential Information About Valvular Heart Conditions

Cardiology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What Are Heart Valves?

Four main valves in the heart:
- Mitral valve
- Aortic valve
- Tricuspid valve
- Pulmonary valve

Common Types of Valve Disease

1. Valve Stenosis

Narrowing of valve opening
Restricts blood flow
Common in aortic valve

2. Valve Regurgitation

Valve doesn't close properly
Blood leaks backward
Can affect any valve

Key Symptoms

Shortness of breath
Chest pain
Fatigue
Heart palpitations
Swelling in ankles and feet
Dizziness

Risk Factors

Age (65+)
Previous heart conditions
High blood pressure
Family history
Rheumatic fever

Diagnosis Methods

Physical examination
Echocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
Chest X-ray
Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Treatment Options

Conservative Management

Medication
Lifestyle modifications
Regular monitoring

Surgical Options

Valve repair
Valve replacement
- Mechanical valves
- Biological valves

Prevention

Regular exercise
Healthy diet
Blood pressure control
Regular check-ups
Prompt treatment of infections

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