Overview
Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a group of inherited neurological disorders characterized by progressive stiffness and weakness in the legs. This condition primarily affects the lower body due to the gradual deterioration of nerve fibers that control leg movement.
Key Symptoms
- Progressive leg stiffness (spasticity)
- Weakness in leg muscles
- Difficulty walking
- Balance problems
- Muscle spasms
- Foot deformities
Types of HSP
Pure HSP
- Primarily affects leg movement
- Minimal involvement of other neurological functions
Complex HSP
- Includes additional neurological symptoms
- May affect:
- Cognitive function
- Vision
- Hearing
- Speech
Inheritance Patterns
-
Autosomal dominant: One affected parent can pass the condition
-
Autosomal recessive: Both parents must carry the gene
-
X-linked: Passed through the X chromosome
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination
- Detailed family history
- Genetic testing
- MRI scans
- Neurological assessments
Treatment Options
Physical Therapy
- Stretching exercises
- Strength training
- Balance exercises
- Gait training
Medications
- Muscle relaxants
- Anti-spasticity drugs
- Pain management medications
Supportive Devices
- Ankle braces
- Walking aids
- Orthopedic shoes
Living with HSP
Daily Management
- Regular exercise routine
- Proper posture maintenance
- Fall prevention strategies
- Home modifications
Long-term Outlook
- Variable progression rate
- Many maintain independent mobility
- Regular medical monitoring needed
Support Resources
- Genetic counseling
- Support groups
- Physical therapy services
- Occupational therapy