Understanding High Cholesterol

What is Cholesterol?

Cholesterol is a waxy substance your body needs to build cells and make vitamins and hormones. While your body makes all the cholesterol it needs, it's also found in foods from animal sources.

Types of Cholesterol

• LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein)

  • Often called "bad" cholesterol
  • Can build up in arteries
  • Higher levels increase heart disease risk

• HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein)

  • Known as "good" cholesterol
  • Helps remove other forms of cholesterol
  • Higher levels are beneficial

Normal Cholesterol Levels

• Total Cholesterol: Less than 200 mg/dL
• LDL: Less than 100 mg/dL
• HDL: 60 mg/dL or higher
• Triglycerides: Less than 150 mg/dL

Risk Factors

• Poor diet
• Obesity
• Lack of exercise
• Smoking
• Age and family history
• Certain medical conditions

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

• Eating a heart-healthy diet
• Regular exercise
• Weight management
• Quitting smoking

Medications

• Statins
• Bile acid sequestrants
• Cholesterol absorption inhibitors
• PCSK9 inhibitors

Complications

• Atherosclerosis
• Heart disease
• Heart attack
• Stroke

Prevention Strategies

1. Choose healthy fats
2. Limit dietary cholesterol
3. Increase fiber intake
4. Exercise regularly
5. Maintain healthy weight
6. Regular medical check-ups

When to See a Doctor

• If you haven't had a cholesterol check in the past 5 years
• If you have risk factors for heart disease
• If you're over 40 years old

Monitoring and Follow-up

• Regular blood tests
• Lifestyle modification tracking
• Medication adjustment as needed